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- Portuguese casta `race' stratifying of Hindu
- society dating from ancient times split into
- four main groups from which over 3,000
- subsequent divisions derive: Brahmans
- (priests), Kshatriyas (nobles and warriors),
- Vaisyas (traders and farmers), and Sudras
- (servants); plus a fifth group, Harijan
- (untouchables). No upward or downward
- mobility exists, as in classed societies. In
- Hindu tradition, the four main castes are
- said to have originated from the head, arms,
- thighs, and feet respectively of Brahma, the
- creator; the members of the fifth were
- probably the aboriginal inhabitants of the
- country, known variously as Scheduled Castes,
- Depressed Classes, Untouchables, or Harijan
- (name coined by Gandhi, `children of God').
- This lowest caste handled animal products,
- garbage, and human wastes and so was
- considered to be polluting by touch, or even
- by sight, to others. Discrimination against
- them was made illegal in 1947 when India
- became independent, but persists.
-